However, there is no comparative study of complexity and regularity of the center of pressure (CoP) during the stance phase among pes valgus, pes cavus, hallux valgus and normal foot. In the study of biomechanics of different foot types, temporal or spatial parameters derived from plantar pressure are often used.

Because of this, ATP1A3-disorders are now beginning to be viewed as a phenotypic continuum representing discrete expressions along a broadly heterogeneous clinical spectrum. Since their original description, an expanding number of cases presenting with atypical and overlapping features have been reported. The first three syndromes described were: (1) rapid-onset dystonia parkinsonism (2) alternating hemiplegia of childhood and, (3) cerebellar ataxia, pes cavus, optic atrophy, and sensorineural hearing loss (CAPOS syndrome). Carriers of pathogenic variants in this gene manifest neurological and non-neurological features in many combinations, usually with an acute onset and paroxysmal episodes triggered by fever or other factors. Pathogenic variants in this gene have been implicated in several phenotypes in the last decades. This isoform is encoded by the ATP1A3 gene. The О±3 isoform is required as a rescue pump, after repeated action potentials, with a distribution predominantly in neurons of the central nervous system. The Na+/K+ ATPases are Sodium-Potassium exchanging pumps, with a heteromeric О±-ОІ-Оі protein complex. Pronated foot posture and flat foot are significantly associated with medial compartment knee osteoarthritis. In multivariate statistical analysis, after adjusting for age and body mass index, pronated foot in FPI (OR=1.22, 95%IC=, p=0.005), and pes cavus (OR=0.32, 95%IC=, p=0.03) had a significant correlation with the knee osteoarthritis. However, there was no significant difference between the groups in the navicular height (3.90 В± 0.85 cm vs 4.00 В± 0.76 cm p=0.41). Patients group have more pronated foot for FPI (1.50 В± 2.68 vs 0.72 В± 2.63 p=0.05), more flat foot (42% vs 22% p=0.03), and less pes cavus than the control group (58% vs 77% p=0.004). The mean age of patients was 59 В± 7 (44-76) years and 48 В± 9 (28-60) years in the control (p=0.06). We included 100 patients and 80 asymptomatic controls. We compared the foot posture of patients with clinically and radiographically-confirmed medial compartment knee OA and asymptomatic healthy controls using the foot posture index (FPI), navicular height, and the medial arch. To compare foot posture in people with and without medial compartment knee osteoarthritis (OA), and to assess association between its abnormalities and medial compartment knee OA.

Pes cavus deformity